1754 - At the beginning of the French and Indian War, George Washington surrendered the small, circular Fort Necessity in southwestern Pennsylvania to the French.
1787 - The U.S. Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, enacted the Northwest Ordinance, which established the rules for governing the Northwest Territory, for admitting new states to the Union and limiting the expansion of slavery.
1812 - The first pawnbroking ordinance was passed in New York City.
1832 - Henry Schoolcraft discovered the source of the Mississippi River in Minnesota.
1835 - John Ruggles received patent #1 from the U.S. Patent Office for a traction wheel used in locomotive steam engines. All 9,957 previous patents were not numbered.
1863 - Opponents of the Civil War draft began three days of rioting in New York City, which resulted in more than 1,000 casualties.
1875 - David Brown patented the first cash-carrier system.
1878 - The Congress of Berlin divided the Balkans among European powers.
1896 - Philadelphia’s Ed Delahanty became the second major league player to hit four home runs in a single game.
1931 - A major German financial institution, Danabank, failed. This led to the closing of all banks in Germany until August 5
1941 - Britain and the Soviet Union signed a mutual aid pact, that provided the means for Britain to send war material to the Soviet Union.
1954 - In Geneva, the United States, Great Britain and France reached an accord on Indochina which divided Vietnam into two countries, North and South, along the 17th parallel.
1978 - Lee Iacocca was fired as president of Ford Motor Co. by chairman Henry Ford II.
1984 - In Arkansas, Terry Wallis was injured in a car accident and was left comatose. He came out of the coma in June of 2003.