EDIT: I'll just edit this post to update it
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Sensorineural Hearing Loss is hearing loss due to failure of the Auditory Nerve. Sensorineural Hearing Loss is when your ear functions normally, but the nerves that relay the sound to your brain fail to work. Your ear has the conductive parts (Outer and Middle Ear) and the nerves (Inner ear) that translate the conductive motion.
The ear is divided into three parts, the Outer Ear, the Middle Ear and the Inner Ear. The Outer Ear is the part of the ear that most people just refer to as “the ear” composed of the Pinna (the part you pierce), and the Auditory Canal and the Tympanic Membrane (commonly called the “ear drum”). The Middle Ear is composed of the Ossicles, tiny moving bones called: Malleus (connected to the Tympanic Membrane), Incus (connects the Malleus and the Stepes), and Stepes (connected to the Cochlea). And then the Inner Ear, which consists of the Cochlea, Auditory Nerve and the Semicircular Canal.
The primary purpose of the Outer Ear is to gather sound and protect the Middle and Inner Ear. When sound hits the Tympanic Membrane, it moves it like a drum. When the Tympanic Membrane moves, it pulls the very tiny bones, the Ossicles, because the Malleus is connected to it. The motion then moves through the Ossicles to the Cochlea, which causes the fluid inside the Cochlea to move. The movement of the fluid inside the Cochlea makes little hair-like nerve endings sway back and forth in the fluid (think, sea-weed). The depending on which nerves are moved, the Cochlea is able to sense what kind of vibration is hitting the Tympanic Membrane, and then relays the information to the Auditory Nerve. The Auditory Nerve the sends the data to the brain, for decoding. The data is then converted into ‘sound’.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss is when the Auditory Nerve fails to relay the sound to the brain.