Interview with Thor Halvorsen, Activist for the Rights of Deaf Pagans

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Interview with Thor Halvorsen, Activist for the Rights of Deaf Pagans

I first met Thor (and yes, that's his birth name, folks) at the "Changing Times, Changing Worlds" conference this past November. He was teaching a fascinating class on ASL (American Sign Language) and Paganism and after meeting him earlier in the day and discussing his work and some of his ongoing community concerns, even I, in no possible way anything approaching a morning person, had to take his 8:30am class the following morning. It was an enlightening experience.

Part of reclaiming our sacred traditions means reclaiming language. Most of us are engaged in this process without even being consciously aware of it. Do you call yourself a "Witch," a "Heathen,' a Pagan?" Well, in doing so, you are reclaiming a sacred identity, using words that at one time were very much the religious equivalent of the 'N-word.' You are reclaiming concepts and practices long condemned not just to historical oblivion, but to excoriation. It is a radical act and by using these words we remind ourselves, every single time we consciously name and identify ourselves thusly, that we are in the process of restoring something sacred and essential; that our Gods and our ancestors and the traditions surrounding them have not been forgotten. It's a good and necessary starting point, but there is much more to work to be done.

There is a tradition within many schools of magic that teaches that to name something is to bring it into being and I think there is a great deal of wisdom in this, because the opposite is also true: if you don't have words by which to conceive, frame, and communicate an idea then how can you ever manifest it fully? One of the problems that we face as we work hard to restore our sacred traditions is the paucity of our language in framing concepts central to our practices and sometimes even the practices themselves. Many words (for instance the Norse word that encompasses the job we now call 'shaman') have been lost to history. Many other words now have radically different meanings, oftentimes negative ones. Sometimes words are too deeply connected to monotheism now to be easily repurposed (I have seen many a Pagan and Heathen struggle with the word 'prayer' because of this). Many of our ancestral cultures were predominantly oral and words referring to aspects of non-Christian sacred traditions were never recorded by the Christian scribes and monks who followed. History truly is written by the victors and the language they use shapes our later understanding. As I've said before, language has power. Language defines the way we think; it defines our worldview; it defines the way we relate to our world and everything in it. Take away our words, silence our voices, and we can all too easily be rendered powerless.

I also felt very disheartened with the whole "not of this world" attitude that prevailed in my birth religion. By that, I mean the apathy about what harm we as a society are doing to this world. It bothered me to see so many fundamentalists who gleefully get excited thinking the destruction of society points to Jesus' return when in reality, it's more like that destruction is only hastening our own demise. Furthermore, I've always felt very attached to nature, often playing in the forest across the street from where we lived, seeing the trees as being alive, having spirits, their branches "making faces" at me.

Having being visited by what I later can only describe as Odin, when I was four years old, I learned that there was more to existence than what I was being shown. I was about four and I woke up seeing an electric blue shape of a bird pecking at my left wrist. I woke up a little more and noticed I could see through it. I then felt/saw what I can only describe as a chuckle from a similarly-hued figure that was leaning on the dresser and had a much brighter right eye (but this light was more like a spark inside of a socket as opposed to the very sharp eye that was looking at me from the left eye). I basically grew scared and thrust the covers over my head. I felt something like a pat on the head (almost paternal) and then I noticed I had to use the restroom. So I peeked and the figure was gone. I had no idea who that figure was until I heard some of the old stories my Norwegian family members were telling about the Gods and Goddesses of Norse mythology.

Then having later met my Wiccan teacher, I discovered I liked what Wicca was about (such as self-responsibility, and respect for the world, and balance). I also liked the fact that I, for once, felt the spirituality of things and places, just like I did when I was a kid playing in the grass, having butterflies land on my open hand—which marveled my dad quite a bit; he still tells stories about that. I also felt more than ever that I was on the right path, with my heart directing me where to go. I've always felt that if a Goddess or God had a mission for you, She or He would make it known to you, yourself, first of all.

You know you are on the right path when communication happens, and you find all the skills you've picked up along the way are finally being utilized and expanded upon.

I think that communication you're talking about is the dearest, most precious part of any faith. It's what keeps it alive; what drives it. That's the fuel for the spiritual ardor that is so fundamental toward learning to love and serve the Gods well. Anyway, can you tell me a little bit about the work that you're doing now for Deaf Pagans and Heathens.

Right now I am working to establish both awareness and a working lexicon within the community, from the community itself; I'm working to formulate a working vernacular for Deaf Pagans that emphasizes and expresses the world-view of Pagans, and at the same time is both religiously and culturally relevant but also reflects the Deaf world view. I am also working to do work in the greater Pagan community to play a role, albeit a small one, in contributing to the present and future of Paganism, to leave it a little bit better than I found it.

Why is this work so crucial?

This work is crucial because to discuss other religious views outside of Christianity, and to cultivate an understanding of other religions from their perspective and to simply know about other religions, you need to be able to have a way to talk about them and also have means to describe concepts that are outside the experience of those coming from different religious backgrounds. You need a vernacular to build knowledge about other religions and the religious experience itself. From this education comes tolerance and the freedom to choose your own religious path.

If you don't want a given population to have other religions, you create an erasure effect, by not acknowledging the existence and validity of that religion in the language itself. If there is no concept or vocabulary for that religion, then well, it doesn't exist within conversations and eventually it doesn't even exist within the realm of thought itself! I cannot tell you how often I am asked how come ASL doesn't have signs for stuff relating to Paganism. I get asked this all the time by people who are even yet surprised that Deaf people have signs for sexuality and sexual concepts, but nothing about say Paganism, Buddhism, etc. To me, the situation is far from satisfactory. ASL is a valid, complete language, and the concepts can be signed via ASL, but congruency and representation of the concepts into the whole "consciousness" of the language is what is absent—the erasure and lack of awareness.
 
cont

What are the biggest challenges that you face?

When you factor in the erasure effect, whereby lots of folks equate the religious experience for Deaf as being limited to Christianity, well, folks like me are like aliens out of left field. There isn't a concept in their world-view for Deaf Pagans, or even Deaf people who aren't Christian. It is assumed that if you go to a Deaf religious service, it is at a Deaf Christian church. So, I have the uphill battle of first clarifying that (a) there are religions outside of Christianity, (b) then I have to explain why I chose not to be Christian, then (c) I have to explain why I am not a Satanist, and finally (d) what Paganism really is, and that it is not make-believe...sadly, often in that order. But truth be known, many Deaf folks go to Deaf churches to socialize, and many do not even have true religious experiences outside of that identification and socialization.

The other challenge is that creating a language takes a community, not a single individual like myself to be effective and accepted in the mainstream. I cannot assume to have even the slightest amount of ego to take this all on myself. I'd rather this be a community effort than my own individual effort. It will enable it to gain more acceptance into the language and community at large if comes from more folks than just me.

You are Speaker for the dead of the Deaf community... what does that mean and why is it so vitally important?

Well, this is still new to me, but makes sense. Because a lot of the way that people deal with death is to talk about it for a day or two, remember it yearly, and not talk about it in between anniversaries. Well, that is for families that don't have people with disabilities. Some families really take it hard when they have disabled children or relatives. Would some go to the point of refusing to acknowledge the existence of the individual as part of the family? Sure. Are there those that didn't care if the kid was sterilized during the eugenics movement in the US? Sure. (Many Deaf children were not told what was happening to them. They were told it was just a "routine doctor visit." Much of the atrocities carried out on the Native Americans have a near parallel to what was carried out upon the Deaf—sterilization (can you imagine the frustration and betrayal of Deaf adults sterilized as children trying to have children and not knowing why they can't, or if they did find out, the anger they must have felt?), scientific experimentation to "cure" them (read concoctions poured into ears, and radiation treatment, shock treatment, etc.), forced adoptions into hearing families (even away from the Deaf families they were born into), banned from intermarriage between Deaf (i.e. no marriage between Deaf couples—Communication breakdown must have gone to new levels of frustrations), and other social shunning. For the life outside of family, you see the institution [post 1880) with Sign language outlawed, and Deaf teachers (read role models and community leaders too) fired and not hired. The inevitable result of that means hearing teachers who are not required to know sign, and who customarily forced students to speak, making the kids sit on their hands or whacking them with rulers, even going so far as to occasionally break a finger or two to prod even the "most stubborn" into compliance.

It's sobering to realize that we are at best one generation away from crimes like this. The father of a good friend of mine was born deaf and underwent the radiation treatments you mention.

The pain, the anguish, and estrangement these individuals felt is still there, even in death, mostly ignored, and relegated to impersonal references, if at all, and seen as a grim past best skimmed over. The Deaf dead need a sign of recognition, of acknowledgement of the past, and of those whose lives were directly affected. Where are the names? You want to know why memorials like the Vietnam, WWII, Arizona Memorial, and Holocaust memorials ping our hearts with such raw emotion? Because we are acknowledging the dead. Giving a name means giving credence to a spirit, showing them their death was not in vain.

There is a lot that needs atoning for in regards to both the Deaf and the Native Americans and other minority cultures who have faced atrocities at the hands of a majority culture. It is long past the time that within the population I hold dear, the Deaf, we understand more deeply that need for the recognition and respect to be handed to those that suffered so that we may gain from their sacrifices and their wisdom. The lessons of the past do indeed haunt us. Back in the mid 1800's until the present day, the Medical community has been consistently striving to eradicate Deafness, and the "need" for Deaf Culture. I dare say the time to be complacent is certainly not now. The percentage of Deaf that are getting CI's (cochlear implants) is alarming. Longitudinal studies about rejections show that across the board, CI's are being chosen as first resort, not last in accommodations for Deaf children. I think even more problematic is the attendant delay and isolation away from the Deaf community for fear of screwing up their chances for becoming "functional" speaking Deaf that goes hand in hand with this push toward CIs. I think this is ludicrous and very shortsighted of the industry, greedy even. But that is another soapbox.

The Deaf dead are scared for the future of the Deaf. They have seen the betrayal of the medical world, with its "promises" of cures wrought upon the Deaf in pain, without regards for their person. When does the action of the institution bypass the right of the individual? When the affected individuals are children, who have no voice, whose rights to argue are many years beyond the point where the surgical knife scars them. Where is the freedom to be Deaf? I believe CI's are an individual choice, and do not fault those who have them, for many are forced in youth to have them implanted. I'll not shun them, nor mock them, but welcome them, for we are all Deaf. We are all seen by others as a single community, as Deaf/HoH (hard of hearing), regardless of our own personal identity. The society wields the ink and the knife and we've only our hands and our ear-piercing screams. How then do the Deaf dead feel? How do they indeed reach out to us if never taught sign? Mental telepathy? Touch? Screams in the night? Or emotions, pure unfiltered, unbiased, raw emotions? They find their ways to make their voices heard and it's about time we began to listen.

Well said, Thor. May the dead be heard and may they always be honored. Given the tremendous uphill battle that you're facing, who would you say inspires/inspired you the most in your work?W

My teachers and my mentors, and lately, my newest friends whom I met at CTCW. You've all touched me far beyond measure. Destiny has spoken, or signed rather.
 
Cont

Where would you like to see both the Deaf Pagan and Heathen communities, and the overall Heathen and Pagan communities in ten years?

I'd like to see the Deaf community actively and openly acknowledging the Deaf's dead, and finally accepting other religions. I'd like to see the creation of meaningful dialogue within the Deaf community about other religious views, and even Deaf rights in regards to other countries, and dealing with atrocities committed to Deaf worldwide, both past and present.

For those who might want to help, what do you suggest?

Read, and talk with other Deaf and get involved. Open up a dialogue about the past, ask questions about family members who lived through some of those horrors. Learn about the people that came before you, listen to the stories that people tell. Question the quirky sayings that are in-family sayings—they often have a story to tell from the past.
Learn about your heritage, where you came from. Heritage has a past too.
Honor your dead, both by relation and mentors and influences you've gleaned from. (Hell, I'll even add authors like Richard Bach and Carl Jung to that list). Most of all, don't be afraid to get involved.

Thank you, Thor, for your thought provoking comments. I know that you've given me much to think about since our first meeting and I hope that those reading this will also consider the issues that you've raised here today.
 
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