I am going to take a stab to answer your question. According to your question, you want to know if there is a sign mode for English? Yes, there is such mode called S.E.E. (Signed Exact English) its not considered an ASL language its a method to communicate in English using sign language. You can sign an entire English sentence such as I am going to the movies, I am going to the store and so on.
There are books that teach this mode.
For ASL, its got its own syntax (word order) and grammar. If I am not mistaken, ASL is Object-Subject-Verb and it can change (anyone correct me if I am wrong here).
You have non manual which include facial expression. With a negative feeling, purse lips and the negative expression the face.
When asking rhetorical questions, who, what, why , where non manuals eyebrow raise, body tilt forward and sometime shoulders rise.
Yes/No eyebrows squint, eyes widen, and head tilt to one side. (Anything missing feel free to add, anyone)
I hope this helps in a nutshell =)